11 characters
- Morse code: open the full converter
- Runes: open the full converter
- Binary: open the full converter
- NATO alphabet: open the full converter
- ROT13: open the full converter
- Upside down: open the full converter
- Bubble text: open the full converter
- Cursive: open the full converter
- A1Z26: open the full converter
- Leetspeak: open the full converter
- Base64: open the full converter
- Hex: open the full converter
These are 12 of over 200. See every converter, or click a result to open it with your text.
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ABOUT
What this site does
StringMash turns text into Morse, runes, Ogham, Base64, binary, character codes and the classic puzzle ciphers. Type on one side and the result appears on the other. There's no convert button anywhere on the site.
It's grown into six sections. Ciphers covers the classics from Caesar to Enigma, famous unsolved codes and a daily puzzle. Scripts writes English in runes, Ogham, Greek and hieroglyphs and signals it in Morse or semaphore. Developer tools encodes, decodes and calculates for code and networks. Maths shows the working for long division, fractions and more. The geocaching toolkit handles cache hints and coordinates, and fancy text puts your words in bold, cursive, zalgo and more to copy and paste.
Every converter that can run backwards does, and the arrows between the boxes re-run what you typed in the other direction. Where a conversion only goes one way, like Pig Latin, the page says so instead of guessing.
Holding something unreadable? Start at the cipher identifier, which tries every conversion here and ranks what comes back.
Everything runs in your browser, and nothing you type is sent anywhere. Each page explains how its conversion works and lists the sources it was checked against, and many have a chart you can print.
What's new
- Fixed
Corrected the dates of William Friedman's two study groups, Prescott Currier's work and the Hauer and Kondrak paper, checked against D'Imperio's 1978 NSA monograph and the 2016 paper itself.
- Fixed
Git's SHA-1 default is now dated, with Git's plan to move to SHA-256 in Git 3.0.
- Improved
The colour table now cites IEC 60062 itself.
- Improved
Who runs the site, and the editorial standards every page goes through before it's published.
- Improved
The foot of every page now says who wrote and reviewed it, next to when it was last updated.
Every converter
196 converters in 13 groups
- Morse codeSOSbecomes... --- ...Text to dots and dashes, with sound and light.
- Morse code chartAbecomes.-Letters, numbers and punctuation, printable.
- NATO phonetic alphabetHIbecomesHotel IndiaAlfa to Zulu, both ways, with the chart.
- Morse code braceletLOVEbecomes.-.. --- ...- .A name as a bead pattern, with a bead count.
- Semaphore flagsSOSbecomesdrawnMessages drawn in flag semaphore, and the full chart.
- RuneshellobecomesᚺᛖᛚᛚᛟElder Futhark, Younger Futhark and Anglo-Saxon runes.
- OghamhellobecomesᚆᚓᚂᚂᚑThe early Irish alphabet of strokes along a line.
- FingerspellingText to the American manual alphabet
- HieroglyphsWrite a name in Egyptian signs, with a cartouche.
- Roman numerals2026becomesMMXXVINumbers and years to Roman numerals and back.
- Mayan numerals429becomes1.1.9Dots, bars and shells in base 20, drawn.
- Greek alphabetBobbecomesΜπομπEnglish in Greek letters, and Greek back to Latin.
- Mayan calendar2012becomes13.0.0.0.0Any date in the Long Count, Tzolk'in and Haab'.
- Babylonian numerals8583becomes2,23,3Base 60 in cuneiform wedges, fractions too.
- IPA chartEvery phonetic symbol, named; click to copy.
- English to IPAhellobecomeshəˈloʊPhonetic transcription with stress marks.
- Caesar cipherHELLObecomesKHOORAny shift from 1 to 25, with automatic shift detection.
- ROT13HELLObecomesURYYBRotate every letter by 13. The same step encodes and decodes.
- AtbashHELLObecomesSVOOLReverse the alphabet: A becomes Z, B becomes Y.
- Affine cipherHELLObecomesRCLLAMultiply the letter's position, add a shift, and wrap at 26.
- Vigenère cipherATTACKbecomesIHSQIRA shift that changes with every letter, set by a keyword.
- Playfair cipherHELLObecomesCFSUPMEncrypt letters in pairs, using a 5x5 square built from a key phrase.
- Hill cipherACTbecomesPOHMultiply blocks of letters by a matrix, modulo 26.
- Rail fence cipherHELLObecomesHOELLWrite the message in a zigzag, then read it off one rail at a time.
- Pigpen cipherAbecomesdrawnThe Freemasons' grid cipher, drawn as symbols you can download.
- Enigma machineHELLObecomesILBDAThe WW2 rotor machine: rotors, rings, plugboard, M3 and M4.
- Keyword cipherZEBRASbecomesHELLO = DAIILA keyword starts the cipher alphabet; encode and decode.
- Substitution cipher solverCrack a substitution cipher with no key.
- Cipher identifierURYYBbecomeswhich cipher?Paste something unreadable and we work out what it is.
- Chain decoderBase64becomesMorseUndo several layers in a row, and see each one.
- Steganography decoderimagebecomestextHidden text in an image's low bits, metadata or tail.
- A1Z26 cipherHIbecomes8-9A is 1 and Z is 26. The simplest way to write letters as numbers.
- Tap codeAbecomes. .Two runs of taps per letter, one for the row and one for the column.
- Polybius squareHIbecomes23 24Turn each letter into the row and column it occupies in a 5x5 grid.
- Bacon's cipherAbecomesAAAAAFive As and Bs per letter. A binary alphabet, published in 1623.
- Pig LatinhellobecomesellohayMove the first sound to the end and add “ay”.
- Invisible texthibecomes(nothing)Hide a message in characters that draw nothing, or find one.
- The Voynich manuscriptA 15th-century book nobody can read, and why every solution has failed.
- KryptosEMUFPHZbecomesBETWEENDecrypt the CIA sculpture's first passage, and where K4 stands.
- Zodiac ciphersZ408, Z340, Z13 and Z32, and the transposition that hid Z340 for 51 years.
- The Beale ciphers115becomesIDecode cipher 2 with the Declaration, and why 1 and 3 never decode.
- Famous codes and ciphersSolved, unsolved and still argued over, with Elgar's Dorabella.
- Book cipher115becomesinstitutedWord, line and page numbers into any text, both ways.
- Escape room puzzle makerPrintable code puzzles from your own message, with an answer key.
- Puzzle lockanswerbecomessecretA link that reveals coordinates or a clue only for the right answer.
- Cryptogram makerAny sentence as a printable cryptogram, with hint letters.
- Free printable puzzle packsA classroom escape room, maths code-breakers and Halloween codes.
- StringMash DailyA new cipher puzzle every day, easy on Monday, hardest on Sunday.
- CryptogramsFree cryptogram puzzles at Easy, Medium and Hard.
- Word unscramblerhellobecomes5 letters (1): hEvery word your letters make, longest first.
- Anagram solverhellobecomeshello: no anagraWords that use exactly the same letters.
- Word pattern finderhellobecomeshelloFill the gaps in a crossword answer, or crack a cryptogram word.
- Case converterhellobecomesHELLOUPPER, lower, sentence, title and inverse, acronyms kept.
- Sentence caseALL CAPSbecomesAll capsRebuild capitals in text that arrived shouting, or not capitalised.
- Title casea walkbecomesA WalkHeadlines capitalised by AP, Chicago, APA or MLA rules.
- Remove line breaks3 linesbecomes1 linePut hard-wrapped text from a PDF or an email back into paragraphs.
- Remove whitespacea bbecomesa bExtra spaces, tabs and blank lines, visible or not.
- Text cleanera—bbecomesa; bEm dashes, curly quotes and hidden characters.
- Alphabetizerb a cbecomesa b cSort a list A to Z, by length, or shuffle it.
- Comma separatora bbecomes'a', 'b'A column to one quoted, comma-separated line.
- Email extractora [at] bbecomesa@bEvery address in a block of text, listed once.
- URL extractor?utm_becomesgoneLinks out of text, with tracking tags stripped.
- Phone extractorcall 212…becomes+1212…Phone numbers out of text, dates and order numbers left behind.
- Zalgo texthellobecomesh̡e̕l͍l͞o̵Stack combining marks until the text overflows its own line.
- SuperscripthellobecomesʰᵉˡˡᵒRaise letters and digits into real characters, not formatting.
- Strikethroughhellobecomesh̶e̶l̶l̶o̶A line through your text that survives a copy and paste.
- Bubble texthellobecomesⓗⓔⓛⓛⓞEvery letter inside its own circle, outline or filled.
- Wingdingshellobecomes♒︎♏︎⚫︎⚫︎🞏The Windows 3.1 pictograms, as real symbols
- Enchanting tablehellobecomes⍑ᒷꖎꖎ𝙹Minecraft's Standard Galactic Alphabet
- Mirror texthellobecomesollɘʜReversed and flipped, the way a mirror would show it.
- Upside-down texthellobecomesoʃʃǝɥRotate a line by 180 degrees using borrowed letters.
- Text repeaterhabecomesha ha haRepeat a line up to 100 times, with any separator.
- Leetspeakelitebecomes3l173Swap letters for the digits and symbols that look like them.
- SpongeBob mocking textmockingbecomesmOcKiNgSarcastic alternating caps, strict or random.
- Calculator wordshellobecomes0.7734Words spelled on an upside-down calculator display.
- Pager codes143becomesI love you1990s beeper codes decoded, and old keypad texting.
- Periodic table wordsbaconbecomesBaCoNNames spelled in element symbols, drawn as tiles.
- Image to ASCII artphotobecomes@%#*+=-:.A photo redrawn in letters, made on your device.
- Glitch texthellobecomesħɇłłøLetters with bars through them
- Cursed texthellobecomesḩ̵̴̨̨̡̺̝̳́́͝e̴͈̊͗́ͩ̽́̋̕͘͜l̶̛̰̟̪͍̑̈̓ͨ͜͝l̮̯ͨ͑̑̈̔̎̈́́͘͘ơ̧̢̛͉̪̽̿́ͦ̉͘Marks stacked until it overflows
- Creepy texthellobecomesh̞̮̰̲͇ͅe͍̰̭̞̠͉l̫͈̭͍̙͍l͈̘̙̭̻̪o̱̫̹̭̹ͅLetters that drip downwards
- Weird texthellobecomesʜⓔłˡo̶Every letter from a different block
- Cursive texthellobecomes𝒽ℯ𝓁𝓁ℴScript letters that paste anywhere
- Gothic texthellobecomes𝔥𝔢𝔩𝔩𝔬Blackletter, also sold as Old English
- Bold texthellobecomes𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐨Bold letters, digits included
- Italic texthellobecomesℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜Slanted letters for boxes with no button
- Small texthellobecomesʜᴇʟʟᴏSmall capitals and the tiny letters
- Base64HibecomesSGk=Encode and decode, with URL-safe and MIME variants.
- URL encodea bbecomesa%20bPercent-encode text for links and query strings.
- JWT decodereyJhbGci…becomes{"alg":"HS256"}Read a token's header and payload, with every claim explained.
- HexHibecomes48 69Text to hexadecimal bytes and back.
- Text to hexébecomesc3 a9Two hex digits a byte, the shortest exact way to write one.
- BinaryHbecomes01001000Text to 0s and 1s and back.
- Text to binaryAbecomes01000001Encode any character as the bits a computer stores, UTF-8 and all.
- Binary alphabetAbecomes01000001A to Z in eight bits, capitals and lowercase.
- ASCII codesAbecomes65Character codes in decimal, hex or octal, and back again.
- ASCII tableAbecomes65All 128 codes, in decimal, hex, octal and binary.
- Unicode converterébecomesU+00E9Code points, escapes and entities for any character.
- JSON escapesay "hi"becomessay \"hi\"Make any text safe to drop inside a JSON string, and take it back.
- Token counterhello worldbecomes2Exact GPT token counts in your browser, and the cheapest format for your data.
- Tokenizerhello worldbecomeshello | ·worldSee how GPT splits your text, token by token, with IDs.
- Mojibake fixer’becomes’Repair ’, é and other garbled characters, without touching correct text.
- UTF-8 decoderC3 A9becomeséHex bytes to text, with invalid bytes explained.
- UTF-8 encoderébecomesC3 A9Text to UTF-8 bytes, character by character.
- SHA-256 generatorabcbecomesba7816bf…SHA-256, SHA-1, SHA-512 and MD5 hashes, in your browser.
- MD5 generatorabcbecomes90015098…MD5 checksums, with RFC 1321's own test values.
- Hash identifier$2b$12$…becomesbcryptWhat type of hash, or string, is this? MD5, SHA, bcrypt, Base64, JWT.
- RSA calculator61 53 17becomesd 2753Keys, encryption and decryption with small primes.
- Hashing vs encryptionWhich one can be undone, live on your own text.
- Encoding vs encryption vs hashingBase64, AES and SHA-256 side by side.
- ASCII vs Unicode vs UTF-8Code points, bytes and surrogate pairs.
- MD5 vs SHA-1 vs SHA-256Sizes, what broke, and what to use.
- JSON to CSVobjectsbecomesrowsTurn a list of objects into a spreadsheet, nesting flattened into columns.
- JSON Lines{"a":1}↵{"a":2}becomes[{…},{…}]JSONL and NDJSON to a JSON array and back.
- YAML to JSONa: 1becomes{"a":1}Read a config file into JSON, with the line number when it won't parse.
- JSON to YAML{"a":1}becomesa: 1Write JSON out as YAML, quoting only the strings that need it.
- XML to JSON<a>1</a>becomes{"a":"1"}Read XML into JSON, attributes kept with an @ prefix.
- JSON to XML{"a":1}becomes<a>1</a>Keys become elements, with a root element you choose.
- Markdown to HTML**b**becomes<strong>Headings, emphasis, links, lists, code and tables, turned into HTML.
- HTML to Markdown<h1>becomes#Pull readable Markdown out of a page, scripts and styles dropped.
- JSON to TOON[{…}]becomesusers[2]{id,name}:The compact format for LLM prompts, both ways.
- llms.txt generatorsitemapbecomesllms.txtFrom your sitemap to an llms.txt, or check one.
- JSON to TypeScript{ }becomesinterfaceTypes from a JSON sample: TypeScript, Zod, Go or Python.
- Sorting algorithms7 2 9becomes2 7 9Six sorts on your own list, compared and animated.
- Bubble sort5 3 1becomes1 3 5Watch a list sorted by swapping neighbours, step by step.
- Selection sort29 10 14becomes10 14 29Find the smallest left and move it to the front.
- Insertion sort12 11 13becomes11 12 13Slide each item left into place, like cards in a hand.
- Merge sort38 27 43becomes27 38 43Split, sort and merge, animated, with every step listed.
- Quick sort10 80 30becomes10 30 80Split around a pivot, then sort each side.
- Heap sort4 10 3becomes3 4 10Build a heap, then take the biggest off it each time.
- Linear searchfind 23becomesposition 5Check every item in turn until you find it.
- Binary searchfind 56becomesposition 7Halve a sorted list until you find it.
- Huffman codingABRACADABRAbecomes23 bitsThe tree drawn, every merge, the codes and the bits saved.
- Infix to postfixA+B*CbecomesA B C * +The shunting-yard algorithm with the stack at each step.
- Hamming code1011becomes0110011Parity bits that find and fix a flipped bit.
- Run-length encodingWWWBbecomes3W1BRuns of a character become a count and the character.
- Graph searchA-B 4becomesA → C → BBFS, DFS and Dijkstra on your own graph, step by step.
- Subnet calculator10.0.0.5/24becomes10.0.0.0Network, broadcast and hosts for any IPv4 subnet, with the binary.
- CIDR calculator10.0.0.0/22becomes1,024 addressesCIDR blocks to IP ranges, and ranges to the fewest blocks.
- TCP/IP header decoder45 00 00 3cbecomesIPv4, TCP SYNEvery IPv4 and TCP field from packet hex, checksums checked.
- TCP three-way handshake100, 300becomesSYN, SYN-ACK, ACKSYN, SYN-ACK, ACK and the close, played segment by segment.
- IP address to binary192.168.1.10becomes11000000…Each octet as 8 bits, with the working, and back.
- Subnet mask cheat sheet/24becomes255.255.255.0Every prefix from /32 to /0, printable.
- Common ports22becomesSSHTCP and UDP port numbers, checked against IANA, with a lookup.
- Resistor color codebrown black redbecomes1 kΩColour bands to ohms and back, with a printable chart.
- Parallel resistor calculator100 ∥ 220becomes68.75 ΩResistors in parallel or series, worked out and drawn.
- Voltage divider calculator5V, 1k, 2kbecomes3.33 VVout from Vin and two resistors, with the current.
- Ohm's law calculator12V, 2Abecomes6 Ω, 24 WAny two of volts, amps, ohms and watts give the rest.
- LED resistor calculator9V, 2V, 20mAbecomes390 ΩThe series resistor an LED needs, and its standard value.
- dBm to watts30 dBmbecomes1 WdBm, mW, W and dBW both ways, with the formula.
- dBm to mW20 dBmbecomes100 mWDecibel-milliwatts to milliwatts and back.
- Capacitor codes104becomes100 nF104, 473J and 4n7 to pF, nF and µF.
- SMD resistor codes01Cbecomes10 kΩ3-digit, 4-digit and EIA-96 chip resistor markings.
- Long division7625 / 25becomes305The written method, drawn out, with remainders, fractions or decimals.
- Addition with regrouping352 + 179becomes531Column addition with every carry written in.
- Subtraction with regrouping4,005 − 1,237becomes2,768Column subtraction with the borrowing crossed out, as on paper.
- Fraction calculator1/4 + 1/6becomes5/12All four operations and mixed numbers, with steps and fraction bars.
- Multiplication chart7 x 8becomes56Up to 20 × 20, interactive, with a blank version to print.
- Maths worksheet generatorPrintable practice sheets with answer keys, made in seconds.
- Long division worksheetsPrintable sheets with an answer key, by 1- or 2-digit divisors.
- Multiplication worksheetsTimes tables practice: tick the tables, print the sheet.
- Subtraction with regrouping worksheetsEvery question needs borrowing at least once.
- Addition with regrouping worksheetsEvery question carries at least once.
- Fraction worksheetsAdd, subtract, multiply or divide, with answers in lowest terms.
- Place value chart4582becomes4000 + 500 + 80 + 2What each digit is worth, expanded form and words.
- Base ten blocks47 + 38becomes85Numbers as cubes, rods and flats, sums as trades, and a printable set.
- Number line23 + 18becomes41Any range, fractions and decimals, or a sum drawn as hops.
- Unit circle150°becomes(−√3/2, 1/2)Exact sin, cos and tan for any angle, and a printable chart.
- Degrees to radians45°becomesπ/4Any angle as an exact fraction of π and a decimal.
- Radians to degrees3π/4becomes135°π fractions and decimals to degrees, minutes and seconds.
- Cartesian to polar(3, 4)becomes(5, 53.13°)(x, y) to (r, θ) with the quadrant handled and the point drawn.
- Polar to Cartesian(2, 60°)becomes(1, 1.73)(r, θ) to (x, y), with every cosine and sine worked out.
- Spherical and cylindrical(1, 1, 1)becomesr = 1.733D points between (x, y, z), (r, θ, φ) and (ρ, φ, z).
- Birthday calculator1982-01-12becomes16,335 daysYour age to the day, days alive, next birthday and age on Mars.
- Half birthday calculator12 Janbecomes12 JulSix months on, and the exact halfway point between birthdays.
- Moon phase calculator14 Nov 2016becomesFull moonThe Moon on any date, named, measured and drawn.
- What day of the year is it?todaybecomesday 276Today's day number, days left, and today's Julian date.
- Julian date converter126274becomes1 Oct 2026YYDDD, JD Edwards, Julian Day and Excel dates, read and written.
- Roman numeral dates12/01/1982becomesXII.I.MCMLXXXIIBirthdays and wedding dates in Roman numerals, day or month first.
- MPG to L/100 km30 mpgbecomes7.84 L/100 kmFuel economy in mpg, litres per 100 km and km/L, US and UK.
- MPG to km/L30 mpgbecomes12.75 km/LMiles per gallon to kilometres per litre and back.
- Boolean algebra calculatorA + ABbecomesASimplify a logic expression, with its truth table and Karnaugh map.
- Number bases156becomes10011100Decimal, binary, octal and hex, with the working shown.
- Hex to decimalFFbecomes255Place values added up, digit by digit.
- Binary to decimal1101becomes13Add up the powers of two under each 1.
- Decimal to binary13becomes1101Divide by 2, keep the remainders, read them upwards.
- Two's complement calculator-5becomes1111 1011Signed binary in 4 to 64 bits, invert and add one.
- IEEE 754 converter0.1becomes3DCCCCCDSign, exponent and fraction of any float, and its error.
- Gray code converter0111becomes0100Binary to Gray code and back, one XOR at a time.
- Halloween lettersBlackletter, dripping text, runes and codes for 31 October.
- Thanksgiving lettersScript for place cards, codes for the kids' table.
- Christmas lettersBlackletter for cards, codes for tags and the advent calendar.
- Valentine's lettersCursive and heart text for cards, and codes for love notes.
- Chinese zodiacYour animal and element, with the real New Year date for your year.
Nothing here matches that. If you're holding text you can't read, the cipher identifier tries every converter on it.
SHORTCUTS
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